Are There Nuclear Structure Effects on the Isoscalar Giant Monopole Resonance and Nuclear Incompressibility near A~90?

"Background-free" spectra of inelastic $\alpha$-particle scattering have been measured at a beam energy of 385 MeV in $^{90, 92}$Zr and $^{92}$Mo at extremely forward angles, including 0$^{\circ}$. The ISGMR strength distributions for the three nuclei coincide with each other, establishing clearly that nuclear incompressibility is not influenced by nuclear shell structure near $A\sim$90 as was claimed in recent measurements.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures; accepted for publication in Phys. Lett.

Isoscalar Giant Monopole, Dipole, and Quadrupole Resonances in 90,92^{90,92}Zr and 92^{92}Mo

The isoscalar giant monopole, dipole, and quadrupole strength distributions have been deduced in $^{90, 92}$Zr, and $^{92}$Mo from "background-free" spectra of inelastic $\alpha$-particle scattering at a beam energy of 385 MeV at extremely forward angles, including 0$^{\circ}$. These strength distributions were extracted by a multipole-decomposition analysis based on the expected angular distributions of the respective multipoles. All these strength distributions for the three nuclei practically coincide with each other, affirming that giant resonances, being collective phenomena, are not influenced by nuclear shell structure near $A\sim$90, contrary to the claim in a recent measurement.Comment: 12 pages, 12 figures; Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. C. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1607.0219

The European Union, borders and conflict transformation: the case of Cyprus

Much of the existing literature on the European Union (EU), conflict transformation and border dynamics has been premised on the assumption that the nature of the border determines EU intervention and the consequences that flow from this in terms of EU impact. The article aims to transcend this literature through assessing how domestic interpretations influence EU border transformation in conflict situations, taking Cyprus as a case study. Moreover, the objective is to fuse the literature on EU bordering impact and perceptions of the EU’s normative projection in conflict resolution. Pursuing this line of inquiry is an attempt to depart from the notion of borders being constructed solely by unidirectional EU logics of engagement or bordering practices to a conceptualization of the border as co-constituted space, where the interpretations of the EU’s normative projections by conflict parties, and the strategies that they pursue, can determine the relative openness of the EU border

Modified F-N solution of the neutron transport equation for the Milne problem with FBIS kernel

gulecyuz, mustafa cetin/0000-0002-8838-7400WOS: 000481510000012The solution of the Milne problem is studied by one-speed neutron transport equation in plane geometry with Inonu's scattering kernel, which is known as a linear combination of the forward, backward and isotropic scattering kernel (FBIS kernel). The solution of the neutron transport equation with Inonu's scattering kernel can be written in terms of the solution of the neutron transport equation for isotropic scattering case. The extrapolation distance is calculated with modified F-N (or method. The numerical values of the extrapolation distance are obtained depending on the secondary neutron numbers and anisotropy coefficients and compared with the available data in the literature values

A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON PROPERTIES OF DIFFERENT COLLOIDAL FORMULATIONS OF BETAMETHASONE VALERATE

4th BBBB-Bled International Conference on Pharmaceutical Sciences - New Trends in Drug Discovery, Delivery Systems and Laboratory Diagnostics -- SEP 29-OCT 01, 2011 -- Bled, SLOVENIAWOS: 00029554360013

Trickle and sprinkler irrigation of potato (Solanum tuberosum L) in the Middle Anatolian Region in Turkey

WOS: 000234628900003The potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is widely planted in the Middle Anatolian Region, especially in the Nigde-Nevsehir district where 25% of the total potato growing area is located and produces 44% of the total yield. In recent years, the farmers in the Nigde-Nevsehir district have been applying high amounts of nitrogen (N) fertilizers (sometimes more than 900 kg N ha(-1)) and frequent irrigation at high rates in order to get a much higher yield. This situation results in increased irrigation and fertilization costs as well as polluted ground water resources and soil. Thus, it is critical to know the water and nitrogen requirements of the crop, as well a,, how to improve irrigation efficiency. Field experiments were conducted in the Nigde-Nevsehir (arid) region on a Fluvents (Entisols) soil to determine water and nitrogen requirements of potato crops under sprinkler and trickle irrigation methods. Irrigation treatments were based on Class A. pan evaporation and nitrogen levels were formed with different nitrogen concentrations. The highest yield, averaging 47,505 kg ha-1, was measured in sprinkler-irrigated plots at the 60 g m(-3) nitrogen concentration level in the irrigation treatment with limited irrigation (480 mm). Statistically higher tuber yields were obtained at the 45 and 60 g m-3 nitrogen concentration levels in irrigation treatments with full and limited irrigation. Maximum yields were obtained with about 17% less water in the sprinkler method as compared to the trickle method (not statistically significant). On the loam and sandy loam soils, tuber yields were reduced by deficit irrigation corresponding to 70% and 74% of evapotranspiration in sprinkler and trickle irrigations, respectively. Water use of the potato crop ranged from 490 to 760 turn for sprinkler-irrigated plots and 565-830 mm for trickle-irrigated treatments. The highest water use efficiency (WUE) levels of 7.37 and 4.79 kg m(-3) were obtained in sprinkle and trickle irrigated plots, respectively. There were inverse effects of irrigation and nitrogen levels on the WUE of the potato crops. Significant linear relationships were found between tuber yield and water use for both irrigation methods. Yield response factors were calculated at 1.05 for sprinkler methods and 0.68 for trickle methods. There were statistically significant linear and polynomial relationships between tuber yield and nitrogen amounts used in trickle and sprinkler-irrigated treatments, respectively. In sprinkler-irrigated treatments, the maximum tuber yield was obtained with 199 kg N ha(-1). The tuber cumulative nitrogen use efficiency (NUECU) and incremental nitrogen use efficiency (NUEin) were affected quite differently by water, nitrogen levels and years. NUEcu varied from 16 to 472 g kg(-1) and NUEin varied from 75 to 1035 g kg(-1) depending on the irrigation method. In both years, the NH4-N concentrations were lower than NO3-N, and thus the removed nitrogen and nitrogen losses were found to be 19-87 kg ha(-1) for sprinkler methods and 2589 kg ha(-1) for trickle methods. Nitrogen losses in sprinkler methods reached 76%, which were higher than losses in trickle methods. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Enhanced dermal delivery of diflucortolone valerate using lecithin/chitosan nanoparticles: In-vitro and in-vivo evaluations

PubMed ID: 23390364The objective of this study was to prepare a suitable formulation for dermal delivery of diflucortolone valerate (DFV) that would maintain the localization in skin layers without any penetration and to optimize efficiency of DFV. Drug-loaded lecithin/chitosan nanoparticles with high entrapment efficiency (86.8%), were successfully prepared by ionic interaction technique. Sustained release of DFV was achieved without any initial burst release. Nanoparticles were also incorporated into chitosan gel at different ratios for preparing a more suitable formulation for topical drug delivery with adequate viscosity. In ex-vivo permeation studies, nanoparticles increased the accumulation of DFV especially in the stratum corneum + epidermis of rat skin without any significant permeation. Retention of DFV from nanoparticle in chitosan gel formulation (0.01%) was twofold higher than commercial cream, although it contained ten times less DFV. Nanoparticles in gel formulations produced significantly higher edema inhibition in rats compared with commercial cream in in-vivo studies. Skin blanching assay using a chromameter showed vasoconstriction similar to that of the commercial product. There were no barrier function changes upon application of nanoparticles. In-vitro and in-vivo results demonstrated that lecithin/chitosan nanoparticles in chitosan gel may be a promising carrier for dermal delivery of DFV in various skin disorders. © 2013 Özcan et al, publisher and licensee Dove Medical Press Ltd